A: Manhattan, New York, New York, United States
At the initiative of Warren McCulloch, from 1946 to 1953 the ten Macy Conferences on “Circular Causal and Feedback Mechanisms in Biological and Social Systems,” occurred in New York to set the foundations for a general science of the workings of the human mind. The conferences brought together a diverse group of scholars representing fields from mathematics to the physical, life, social, and information sciences, and resulted in breakthroughs in systems theory, cybernetics, and what eventually became known as cognitive science.