A: San Jose, California, United States
In August 2011, as part of the SyNAPSE (Systems of Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics) project, IBM researchers led by Dharmendra S. Modha, manager and lead researcher of the Cognitive Computing Group at IBM Almaden Research Center, demonstrated two neurosynaptic cores that moved beyond von Neumann architecture and programming to ultra-low, super-dense brain-inspired cognitive computing chips. These new silicon, neurosynaptic chips would be the building blocks for computing systems that emulate the brain's computing efficiency, size and power usage.