A: Manhattan, New York, New York, United States, B: Endicott, New York, United States
Wallace J. Eckert and IBM Develop the First Interconnected Machines to Perform Complex Scientific Calculations Automatically
1933 to 1934
IBM 601 Calculating Punch for calculating and punching punched cards, introduced in 1931. "It read two factors up to eight decimal digits in length from a card and punched their product onto a blank field of the same card. It could subtract and add as well as multiply. It had no printing capacity, so was generally used as an offline assistant for a tabulator or accounting machine [4]. The 601 that was delivered to Eckert's lab in 1933 was a special model "capable of doing direct interpolation, a very unusual feature, especially designed for Eckert by one of IBM's top engineers at Endicott [NY]" [9]. Eckert went a step further by connecting the 601 to a Type 285 Tabulator and a Type 016 Duplicating Punch through a calculation control switch of his own design, forming the first machine to perform complex scientific computations automatically."
From 1933 to 1934 Wallace J. Eckert, who would become founder and Director of the Thomas J. Watson Astronomical Computing Bureau at Columbia University (1937-40), commissioned from IBM a special model of the 601 multiplying punch that was capable of doing direct interpolation—a very unusual feature. The punch was especially designed for Eckert by one of IBM's top engineers at Endicott, New York.
Eckert connected the 601 to an IBM Type 285 Tabulator and an IBM Type 016 Duplicating Punch through a calculation control switch of his own design, forming the first machine or group of machines to perform complex scientific computations automatically.
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