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A: New Haven, Connecticut, United States

Raymond Lindeman Founds Ecosystem Ecology

1942

In 1942 ecologist Raymond L. Lindeman, a postdoctoral researcher under G. Evelyn Hutchinson at Yale, published "The Trophic-Dynamic Aspect of Ecology" in the journal Ecology XXIII, 399-418. This work was characterized by Robert McIntosh as the "birth of ecosytem ecology". Lindeman described energy flow in ecosystems in a form amenable to productive abstract analysis.

 

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